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1. Oxford American Dictionary

   rough

   • IPA[rəf]

   美式

   • adj.
     having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level；denoting the face of a tennis or squash racket from which the loops formed in the stringing process project (used as a call when the racket is spun to decide the right to serve first or to choose ends).
   • adv.
     in a manner that lacks gentleness; harshly or violently
   • n.
     a disreputable and violent person；(on a golf course) longer grass around the fairway and the green
   • v.
     work or shape (something) in a rough, preliminary fashion；make uneven

   • verb: rough, 3rd person present: roughs, gerund or present participle: roughing, past tense: roughed, past participle: roughed

   • noun: rough, plural noun: roughs

2. • 釋義
   • 片語

   adj.

   形容詞

   • 1. having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level they had to carry the victim across the rough, stony ground her skin felt dry and rough 同義詞 uneven, irregular, bumpy, stony, rocky, ... 更多broken, rugged, jaggy, craggy, rutted, pitted, rutty, coarse, bristly, scratchy, prickly, shaggy, hairy, hirsute, bushy, fuzzy, gnarled, knotty, lumpy, knobbly, nodular, rarenodulous, nodose, dry, leathery, weather-beaten, chapped, chafed, calloused, scaly, scabrous, technicalfurfuraceous反義詞 flat, smooth, smooth, sleek, smooth
   • ▪ denoting the face of a tennis or squash racket from which the loops formed in the stringing process project (used as a call when the racket is spun to decide the right to serve first or to choose ends).
   • 2. (of a person or their behavior) not gentle; violent or boisterous strollers should be capable of withstanding rough treatment 同義詞 violent, brutal, vicious, aggressive, belligerent, ... 更多pugnacious, thuggish, boisterous, rowdy, disorderly, unruly, unrestrained, wild, riotous, undisciplined, unmanageable, informalugly, radge, careless, clumsy, inept, unskillful, boorish, loutish, oafish, brutish, coarse, crude, uncouth, rough-hewn, roughcast, vulgar, unrefined, unladylike, ungentlemanly, uncultured, ill-bred, ill-mannered, unmannerly, impolite, churlish, discourteous, uncivil, ungracious, rude, brusque, blunt, curt反義詞 gentle, passive, careful, cultured, civilized, ... 更多refined
   • ▪ (of an area or occasion) characterized by or notorious for the occurrence of violent behavior the workmen hate going to the rough areas of town
   • ▪ (of weather or the sea) wild and stormy the lifeboat crew braved rough seas to rescue a couple 同義詞 turbulent, stormy, storm-tossed, tempestuous, violent, ... 更多heavy, heaving, raging, choppy, agitated, informalrolly, stormy, wild, tempestuous, squally, wet, rainy, windy, blustery, foul, filthy, nasty, inclement, unpleasant, disagreeable反義詞 calm, fine
   • 3. not finished tidily or decoratively; plain and basic the customers sat at rough wooden tables 同義詞 plain, basic, simple, rough and ready, rustic, ... 更多rude, crude, primitive, spartan, uncomfortable反義詞 luxurious
   • ▪ put together without the proper materials or skill; makeshift he had one arm in a rough sling
   • ▪ lacking sophistication or refinement she took care of him in her rough, kindly way 同義詞 boorish, loutish, oafish, brutish, coarse, ... 更多crude, uncouth, rough-hewn, roughcast, vulgar, unrefined, unladylike, ungentlemanly, uncultured, ill-bred, ill-mannered, unmannerly, impolite, churlish, discourteous, uncivil, ungracious, rude, brusque, blunt, curt反義詞 cultured, civilized, refined
   • ▪ not worked out or correct in every detail he had a rough draft of his new novel 同義詞 preliminary, hasty, quick, sketchy, cursory, ... 更多basic, crude, rudimentary, rough and ready, raw, unpolished, unrefined, incomplete, unfinished, uncompleted反義詞 finished, perfected
   • 4. (of a voice) harsh and rasping his voice was rough with barely suppressed fury 同義詞 gruff, hoarse, harsh, rasping, raspy, ... 更多husky, throaty, gravelly, guttural, raucous, discordant, cacophonous, grating, jarring, strident, harsh, dissonant, unmusical, inharmonious, unmelodious反義詞 soft, dulcet
   • ▪ (of wine or another alcoholic drink) sharp or harsh in taste he refilled the mug with rough cider 同義詞 sharp-tasting, sharp, sour, acidic, acid, ... 更多vinegary, rareacidulous反義詞 sweet, mellow
   • 5. informal difficult and unpleasant or unfair the teachers gave me a rough time because my image didn't fit the first day of a job is rough on everyone 同義詞 difficult, hard, tough, bad, unpleasant, ... 更多demanding, arduous反義詞 easy, pleasant
   • ▪ unwell the altitude had hit her and she was feeling rough 同義詞 ill, unwell, poorly, bad, out of sorts, ... 更多indisposed, not oneself, sick, queasy, nauseous, nauseated, peaky, liverish, green around the gills, run down, washed out, faint, dizzy, giddy, lightheaded, off, off colour, informalunder the weather, below par, not up to par, funny, peculiar, lousy, rotten, awful, terrible, dreadful, crummy, grotty, ropy, wabbit, peely-wally, crook, vulgar slangcrappy, datedseedy, rarepeaked, peakish反義詞 well, okay

   adv.

   副詞

   • 1. informal in a manner that lacks gentleness; harshly or violently treat ’em rough but treat ’em fair

   n.

   名詞

   • 1. British a disreputable and violent person the rear of the column was attacked by roughs 同義詞 ruffian, thug, lout, hooligan, hoodlum, ... 更多rowdy, bully boy, brawler, larrikin, informaltough, roughneck, bruiser, gorilla, yahoo, yob, yobbo, bovver boy, lager lout, chav, radge, keelie, ned, roughie, lout
   • 2. (on a golf course) longer grass around the fairway and the green his second shot was in the rough on the left
   • 3. a preliminary sketch for a design I did a rough to work out the scale of the lettering 同義詞 preliminary sketch, draft, outline, mock-up, model, ... 更多artist's impression
   • 4. an uncut precious stone miners discovered one of the biggest diamond roughs in history

   v.

   動詞

   • 1. work or shape (something) in a rough, preliminary fashion the piece of glass is now roughed into a circular form flat surfaces of wood are roughed down
   • 2. make uneven the water was roughed by the wind rough up the icing with a palette knife
   • 3. informal live in discomfort with only basic necessities she had had to rough it alone in a dive

   片語

   • bit of rough
   • in the rough
   • rough and ready
   • rough around the edges
   • the rough edge of one's tongue
   • rough edges
   • rough justice
   • rough passage
   • rough stuff
   • sleep rough
   • take the rough with the smooth
   • rough out
   • rough up